Seizure

An American Academy of Neurology subcommittee on quality measures in epilepsy identified documenting seizure type and current seizure frequency in medical records as one of eight quality measurements [1]. Current standard practice for capturing this information is limited to patient and caregiver-reported outcomes, which may include active means like seizure diaries. Unfortunately, because patients only recognize half of seizures that occur, patient reports of seizure activity and motor manifestations are unreliable [2–4].

Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency with an annual incidence between 17 and 23 per 100,000 children (1). In 2015, the revised guideline recommended by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defined SE as continuous seizures or a seizure lasting > 5 minutes without consciousness recovery (2,3).

During the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, which began in December 2019, reported symptoms of; COVID-19 are primarily associated with respiratory or gastrointestinal issues. Studies also show that; a significant proportion of patients develop neurological symptoms; up to 36 %. Several case reports describe new onset seizures in COVID-19, especially in severe forms of the infection (1). However, the majority report brief, self-limiting seizures the impact of which seems to have been limited; in contrast we report the case of a 17-year-old ...

The authors would like to inform you that in the statistical analysis section of their paper, which appears on page 87, the Chi-square test is mentioned in place of the be Fishers’ exact test.

Ultimately, more than one third of patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to anti-seizure medications (ASMs), and the likelihood of treatment response diminishes exponentially with sequential unsuccessful medication trials. [1–3] These outcomes remain unchanged, despite the introduction of more than a dozen new ASMs in the past twenty years.3] Accordingly, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defined drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) as ‘failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used ASM schedules (whether as monotherapies or in ...

Many studies have recently found that the interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein-like (IRF2BPL, MIM: 611720) gene with de novo truncating mutations is responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders [1–8]. Additionally, the mutations in IRF2BPL cause variable neurological phenotypes, such as neurodevelopmental regression, cerebellar ataxia, loss of motor skills, and intractable epilepsy. The pathogenic mechanism of the IRF2BPL gene mutation, however, has not been clarified thus far. IRF2BPL is also known as enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1) and was first identified by ...

High frequency oscillations (HFOs) recorded through electroencephalography (EEG) have recently emerged as putative biomarkers of epileptogenicity [1]. HFOs are transient events that likely reflect synchronized activity of neuronal populations [2]. These phenomena are subdivided according to their spectral range into “ripples” (approximately 80-250 Hz) and “fast ripples” (FRs, approximately 250-500 Hz) [3]. HFOs can be both pathological or physiological, contributing to epileptogenesis or eloquent cognitive functions [2].

Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) with continuous spike and waves during sleep (CSWS) including Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a focal epilepsy syndrome of childhood characterised by the combination of regression in cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric functioning and a characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern, i.e. focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) that are activated in NREM sleep stages and tend to spread over the whole scalp [1]. Some cases are related to a specific aetiology (structural cerebral lesion or genetic mutation), but in most cases ...

Epilepsy, a chronic seizure disorder requiring long term health care contact, is one of the most non-infectious neurological disease in developing countries with serious physical, psychological, social and economic consequences for affected persons, families and society in general [1–3]. It affects about 50 million people worldwide with majority living in developing countries like Nigeria that has a prevalence ranges from 5.3 to 37 per one thousand persons [3,4]. The burden of epilepsy can be overwhelming for many individuals and their ...