Seizure

Epilepsy, as conceptualized by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 2005, is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures [1]. This definition is typically applied practically as having two unprovoked seizures >24 hours apart [1]. The ILAE task force proposed alternative criteria for defining epilepsy under special circumstances that do not meet the traditional two-seizure criteria [2]. The revised definition aligns the term epilepsy with common usage, emphasizing the enduring nature of ...

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities, affecting approximately 1% of the world’s population [1]. Covering a variety of neurological conditions, this disorder increases the likelihood of recurrent seizures by lowering the seizure threshold [2,3]. Epilepsy significantly affects individuals’ lives and requires continuous management [4].

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) has been a therapeutic alternative for decades in epilepsy surgery[1–4]. Due to lower success rates than those reported for resective or disconnective procedures, it has mainly been considered a second-line option[5–7]. However, with the growth of SEEG as a diagnostic tool and the convenience of using depth electrodes to deliver thermo-ablations, many centers have adopted the method as a valid technique for small higher-risk targets and to predict surgical outcomes[8–10].

The advancement in stroke therapy has significantly decreased the mortality rate of stroke. Nevertheless, Post-Stroke Epilepsy (PSE) continues to pose a substantial clinical challenge for survivors, and there is currently no established treatment protocol[1]. In addition, there are various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between anti-seizure medications(ASMs) and medications used for managing epilepsy comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis), which are complex and not fully elucidated in clinical practice[2].

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) is a group of disorders characterized by epileptic spasms (ES). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy is the first-line treatment for IESS. Adverse cardiovascular effects, including hypertension, increased ventricular wall thickness, tachycardia, and bradycardia, have been reported with ACTH therapy. However, there are no reports of serious arrhythmia as an adverse effect of ACTH therapy [1]. Here, we report a case of IESS with premature ventricular contraction (PVC) that progressed to ventricular tachycardia (VT) during ACTH therapy.

The Tibet Autonomous Region is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, approximately 4,000 meters above sea level [1]. Its distinctive geographical landscape, rich ethnic culture, unique dietary habits, and traditional Tibetan medicine with a history of over 2,000 years have captivated the curiosity of many researchers. These environmental and cultural factors, while fascinating, may contribute to specific medical challenges and health issues, such as neurological disorders [2–6].

The majority of people with epilepsy (>70%) are treated with antiseizure medications (ASM) on the long course [1]. In clinical practice, ASM dosage adjustment remains mostly empirical. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM or “therapeutic concentration monitoring”), aims at adjusting the drug dose according to circulating drug levels measured in plasma for achieving pre-defined reference ranges, in which efficacy and tolerability are most likely. The International League Against Epilepsy has proposed specific situations in which TDM is indicated, including doubtful compliance, toxicity ...

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disease globally, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, according to the WHO. A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence studies on epilepsy revealed a combined incidence rate of 61.4 per 100,000 person-years.[1] Notably, epilepsy is unevenly distributed, with higher rates observed in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.[2] Fiest et al. reported an overall prevalence of 7.60 per 1,000 individuals.[1]

Epilepsy is associated with significant morbidity worldwide. The advent of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) during the 20th century has vastly improved seizure control. However, these medications are not without risk including potential cardiac consequences. [1] Certain ASMs have been suggested to have a direct cardiotoxic effect including increased atherogenesis through influence on lipid profile and an inflammatory milieu. [2] Additionally, a common mechanism of action of ASMs involves inhibition of voltage-gated sodium ion channels.

Epilepsy is a common condition that is estimated to affect 50 million people worldwide. It is a serious cause of morbidity since one third of patients fail to respond to anti-seizure treatments [1]. Up to 50% of cases of epilepsy have no identifiable cause [2], motivating the search for additional possible aetiologies. One such potential aetiology is autoimmunity. The focus on autoimmunity as a possible aetiology for epilepsy has been fuelled by reports of high frequencies of cases with autoantibodies ...