Seizure

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy is defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as two or more unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart or a single unprovoked seizure with a more than 60% risk of recurrence.[1]

Functional status (FSt) can be defined as prolonged or rapidly recurring episodes of paroxysmal attacks that resembles status epilepticus which are not associated with intracerebral ictal activity on EEG. It is not an uncommon presentation in the emergency department (ED). The two largest status epilepticus treatment trials, RAMPART (Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00809146)) and ESETT (Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01960075)) demonstrated that 8.1% of patients with presumed status epilepticus were discharged with ...

This study assesses investigations, referrals and admissions in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with seizures, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on such management. Outcomes in patients with learning disabilities, active significant mental health concerns, and from the most socioeconomically deprived areas were compared to those of the general cohort.

Sex-based research has increased significantly in the last decades, identifying remarkable differences in disease epidemiology and clinical manifestations as well as in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of drug treatments [1,2]. It is well known that there are physical differences between men and women that can alter the latter [3]. These sex-related differences have been highlighted as early as the very first months of intrauterine life. Since the first trimester of pregnancy, the composition of body mass differs between male and female ...

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the most important of the treatments available for the management of epilepsy [1]. AEDs are classified into conventional and newer AEDs. Conventional AEDs include carbamazepine (CBZ), clobazam, phenobarbital (PB), phenytoin (PHT), and valproic acid (VPA). Newer AEDs include felbamate, gabapentin (GBP), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LVT), oxcarbazepine, tigabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, lacosamide, and zonisamide (ZNS) [1, 2]. Antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of not only epilepsy but also neuropathic pain, bipolar disorders, and other comorbidities associated ...

: Triple X syndrome, is an often undiagnosed chromosomal abnormality with an incidence of 1/1000 females. Main associated disorders are urogenital malformations, premature ovarian failure or primary amenorrhea, gastrointestinal problems, psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. To date, triple X is not related to a specific epileptic syndrome. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical series is to analyze seizure semiology, electroencephalogram features and the long-term outcome of 13 patients with epilepsy and triple X syndrome.

Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disorder with a prevalence of about 7 per 1,000 people worldwide 1. While the cornerstone of the treatment of epilepsy is drug therapy with antiseizure medications (ASMs), about one-third of people with epilepsy (PWE) do not respond to ASMs 2. Epileptic seizures occur unpredictably; these seizures are associated with increased risks of morbidity (e.g., ictal injury) 3 and mortality (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy) 4. Therefore, knowing how to help a person experiencing a ...

Previous studies have provided extensive evidence on the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) in providing effective seizure control, improving psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities, and preventing the process of epileptogenesis [1]. Since the tolerable adverse effects of the diet are outweighed by the benefits of the KD, as demonstrated in a study involving patients with Dravet Syndrome, implementation of KD in patients with seizures refractory to pharmacological therapy is highly encouraged [2].

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 7.60 per 1000 persons [1]. In addition to seizures, epilepsy is characterized by the cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of the disease [2]. It has been estimated that about 50% of adults with epilepsy have at least one comorbid somatic or psychiatric condition [3,4]. Comorbidities can affect treatment decisions, as anti-seizure medications (ASM) can positively or negatively affect the comorbidities [5,6]. Comorbidities can also negatively affect quality of life ...

The neuroanatomical basis of psychosis of epilepsy (POE) is not well understood. As POE is more prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy1, most structural neuroimaging studies have examined structural changes in the temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus, with conflicting results.2–7 Given that epilepsy is now understood as a disease of brain networks8,9, pathology in network hubs beyond the hippocampus in POE is likely.10 Indirect support for this idea comes from evidence of structural changes in patients with schizophrenia, the paradigmatic psychotic ...