Seizure

The estimated incidence (50-80 per 100,000 person-years) and prevalence rates (5-10 per 1000 person / year) for epilepsy have been found to be relatively consistent across high income countries [1–3]. Nevertheless, changes in demographics and risk factors mean that the epidemiology of epilepsy may change over time. For instance, in countries with an aging population, the increasing prevalence of diseases of old age such as stroke or dementia could increase the prevalence of epilepsy. Conversely, improved General Practitioner (GP) and ...

West syndrome (infantile spasms) is a triad of epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental stagnation or regression. It has been known already for 180 years (West 19841). [1]

For many epilepsy patients, the problems accompanying epilepsy are more severe than seizures [1]. Studies show that depression is more common in epilepsy patients than in the general population [2–4]. Elger and Hoppe (2011) considered depression in epilepsy patients as learned helplessness against exposure to chronic stress due to life difficulties caused by epilepsy and against the threat of seizure [5]. Sleep problems are also quite common in epilepsy patients due to the drugs used and disease-related psychosocial causes.

Mutations in the PACS2 gene are responsible for neonatal-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, mild facial dysmorphisms, and cerebellar dysgenesis with folia abnormalities [1].

We thank Dr. Finsterer for his interest and critical appraisal of our publication entitled “Myoclonus status revealing COVID 19 infection ”.

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is one of the most common neurological disorders in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recent diagnostic advances have changed the etiologic distribution of NE in preterm and term newborns in the last decade [1–6]. Neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging modalities, such as conventional, diffusion, and spectroscopy, provide a helpful guide regarding the etiologic definition and the pattern of brain injury [7]. Detecting the exact etiology of NE in each newborn has implications for optimal treatment, ...

Despite numerous pharmacological options for people with epilepsy, the goal of seizure freedom without side-effect burden remains elusive for a large proportion of individuals. Treatment with anti-seizure medications (ASMs) typically starts with one ASM, whereafter the individual’s regimen is adapted with changes to drug and dose until seizures are controlled and the treatment is tolerated [1].

Circumstantial language in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is clinically identifiable and describes a pedantic, repetitive, and overly detailed output style [1–3]. This can be distinguished from tangentiality which is characterised by meandering and often irrelevant content. TLE is frequently associated with cognitive-linguistic impairments [4] which, in current practice, are most commonly demonstrated on neuropsychological examination at a single-word level, such as on tasks of confrontation naming [5,6].

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases and affects over 70 million people worldwide [1]. The estimated global burden of epilepsy accounts for 5% of the total neurological disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [2]. Not only is the quality of life lessened in patients with epilepsy, but they also have a higher risk (three times or greater) of dying from sudden cardiac death compared to the general population [3]. The standardized mortality rate in epilepsy patients in high-income countries ...

Although the seizures of most patients with epilepsy can be effectively controlled, 20-30% of patients still develop refractory epilepsy [1], which affects their overall prognosis. The neuropsychiatric abnormalities of patients are an important factor leading to treatment failure.