Seizure

Adults with epilepsy are less likely to comply with physical activity recommendations[1], which results in poorer physical fitness and contributes negatively to health-related quality of life (HRQoL)[2,3]. Nonetheless, PE has beneficial effects on people with epilepsy[4]. A reduction in seizure frequency has been observed, together with an improvement in HRQoL in 36 children with refractory epilepsy who participated in an exercise program (walking, jogging or cycling five days per week)[5]. In addition to not triggering seizures, PE may be favorable ...

Glycosylation, an essential cellular process found across all organisms, entails the addition of sugar residues to proteins and lipids, critical for the normal development of organs and nervous systems. Two main types of proteinglycosylation, N-glycosylation, and O-glycosylation,underpin this process [1,2]. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) stem from gene defects disrupting these processes, leading toproteinor lipid dysfunction [3,4]. Involving nearly 2% of human genes, CDGs affect almost every organ of the body, particularly in infants, manifesting in neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiac, hepatic, ...

Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. SE remains the second most serious manifestation of epilepsy following SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy)[1]. Thirty-day mortality after SE has been well studied and documented, but fewer studies report long term mortality. A review by Sculier et al (2018) reported a long-term mortality after SE of up to 20% in children and 55% in adults; however, follow up periods and patient populations were highly variable ...

Multiple hypotheses exist about the pathophysiology of Postictal Psychosis (PIP). As the clinical manifestations of PIP are roughly stereotyped, we assumed the existence of a common neurological pathway. This study aimed to determine if a specific brain network sustained the psychotic episode, regardless of the localization of the epileptogenic zone. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. We included a total of 24 studies providing electrophysiological results(n=22) and metabolic imaging performed during the PIP(n=5).

Status Epilepticus (SE) is among the most common neurological emergencies, showing a mortality rate of about 20% [1]. This condition results from a failure in seizure suppression mechanisms or the persistent activity of seizures activating networks. From an epidemiological perspective, SE has a higher incidence in children under 14, although it targets adults as well, especially those above 75 [1]. SE has the potential to impact significantly on the healthcare system due to emergency care, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ...

Important advances have been made in defining and understanding the pathophysiology of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). The focal or generalized forms of NCSE occur in a very distinct manner, depending mainly on the patient’s age, level of consciousness (non-comatose or comatose), clinical scenario and etiologies [1].

CHD2 is a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of proteins. Chromatin remodeling is an important functional aspect of DNA repair and transcriptional control [1]. There are four major families of chromatin remodeling, one of which is the CHD family. The human CHD family of proteins consists of nine members (CHD1-9) and is characterized by chromatin organization modifier domains and SNF2-related helicase/ATPase domains. CHD family proteins regulate transcription by recognizing and binding DNA at specific sites and interacting ...

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysmal, time-limited, involuntary manifestations of behavioral, motor, sensory, or cognitive nature that resemble epileptic seizures but without their defining excessive synchronous cortical activity on electroencephalography (EEG). In most cases, PNES are interpreted as unintentional responses to psychological stressors [1], and individuals with PNES meet the criteria for the diagnosis of conversion disorder (functional neurological disorder) [2,3].

The rare seizure type infantile spasms is frequently part of the infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS, previously named ‘West syndrome’), which is an epileptic encephalopathy with a high risk of drug-resistant epilepsy [1]. Seizure onset occurs at age 3-12(24) months and the majority of children develop a severe neurodevelopmental outcome [1]. IESS can be associated with multiple aetiologies, including structural brain abnormalities, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neurogenetic and neurometabolic diseases [2].

Shame is a distressing emotion characterized by self-perceptions of being flawed and worthless, and accompanied by behavioural impulses to retreat, withdraw, and vanish [1]. This complex emotion is intricately linked to our social identity and evolves from infancy through our interactions with others, commencing with our early attachments to primary caregivers [2]. Caregivers who lack emotional attunement can make children more vulnerable to developing a predisposition for maladaptive shame [1,2].