Shame is a distressing emotion characterized by self-perceptions of being flawed and worthless, and accompanied by behavioural impulses to retreat, withdraw, and vanish [1]. This complex emotion is intricately linked to our social identity and evolves from infancy through our interactions with others, commencing with our early attachments to primary caregivers [2]. Caregivers who lack emotional attunement can make children more vulnerable to developing a predisposition for maladaptive shame [1,2].
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