Seizure

Brain metastases (BM) represent the most common type of brain neoplasms in adults, affecting about one-quarter of patients with metastatic disease at some point during their illness [1,2]. While BM can originate from various primary cancer sites, lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma were reported as the primary culprits [3]. Research from Saudi Arabia indicated that breast cancer is the most common cause of BM, followed by lung cancer [4]. Seizures represent a significant complication in patients with BM, affecting ...

Despite significant advancements in epilepsy treatment, surgical resection remains the only curative option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) [1,2]. However, up to 42% of patients are ineligible for surgical intervention owing to nonfocality, eloquent cortex involvement, or the inability to localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) [3,4]. Moreover, even among surgical candidates, the success rate of seizure freedom ranges from 40–80%, underscoring the critical need for accurate EZ identification [5].

Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological disorder that extends beyond seizure episodes, with substantial comorbidities impacting patients’ quality of life. This study quantifies the burden and association patterns of epilepsy-related comorbidities in the Colombian population.

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, broad thumbs and halluces, and intellectual disabilities [1]. EEG abnormalities are more frequent than epilepsy/seizures [2], and the specific types of seizures are often poorly defined in RSTS. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences (EMA) is a rare childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome diagnosed by distinctive seizure patterns and EEG findings [3]. EMA is occasionally attributed to genetic factors and can be caused by chromosomal abnormalities or pathogenic variants in single genes ...

This letter offers additional perspectives on the valuable analysis of seizure-related hospital admissions in Australia presented by Muthusamy et al. (2025). While the study provides important quantitative insights, we suggest that considering certain factors could further enhance the interpretation of its findings. Specifically, the study’s focus on public hospital data requires careful consideration in the context of Australia’s mixed public-private healthcare system. Additionally, incorporating qualitative data to complement the quantitative analysis could provide a more detailed understanding of patient experiences.

Primary mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited metabolic disorders. Such disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the circular double-stranded 16,569 base pair DNA molecule that encodes 37 genes, and nuclear DNA genes that regulate mitochondrial function and structure [1,2]. Mitochondrial disorders may manifest at any age, affect any organ, and often have poor prognoses [3]. Neurological impairment, in particular epilepsy, is common in patients with primary mitochondrial disease [4].

Dissociative seizures (DS), also known as functional or sychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), can easily be mistaken for epileptic seizures (ES) [1,2]. The idea to use Conversation Analysis to distinguish DS from ES was initially generated in a collaboration between clinicians at the Bethel Epilepsy Center and researchers at the University of Bielefeld in 1999 [3]. At this point the approach was purely qualitative. Subsequently, the method was developed further in Bethel [4] and in the United Kingdom [5–8].

Perioral myoclonia with absence (POMA) epilepsy was first reported by Panayiotopoulos et al. in 1994 [1], and has not yet been classified as a separate seizure type or epilepsy syndrome by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) [2–5]. The main clinical characteristic of POMA is perioral myoclonia, which consists of rhythmic contractions of the orbicularis oris muscle, causing protrusion of the lips; contractions of the depressor anguli oris muscle, resulting in twitching at the corners of the mouth; and, rarely, ...

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome (DS) are rare and severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies with onset in infancy or early childhood [1–4]. LGS and DS are characterized by multiple types of drug-resistant seizures, along with cognitive, behavioral, and communication impairments [1–4]. Coupled with early age of onset, these challenges for patients mean that caregiver perspectives are especially important in evaluating a patient’s condition. Treatment recommendations propose an array of antiseizure medications (ASMs) for the management of LGS and DS ...

Epilepsy is among the most common neurological disorders, affecting individuals across all age groups [1]. While the prevalence is rising among older adults due to the aging of the global population, its incidence remains highest among young people [2]. Thus, the disease affects persons in their productive years. Despite the availability of over 30 antiseizure medications (ASMs) and nonpharmacological treatments, approximately one-third of patients fail to achieve seizure remission, posing significant clinical and social challenges [3,4].