Despite significant advancements in epilepsy treatment, surgical resection remains the only curative option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) [1,2]. However, up to 42% of patients are ineligible for surgical intervention owing to nonfocality, eloquent cortex involvement, or the inability to localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) [3,4]. Moreover, even among surgical candidates, the success rate of seizure freedom ranges from 40–80%, underscoring the critical need for accurate EZ identification [5].
18
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