Seizure

Epilepsy is one of the world’s most prevalent neurological diseases, affecting 50 million people globally [1]. Epilepsy significantly impairs patients’ quality of life (QOL). Previous studies of the QOL of patients with epilepsy (PWE) have focused primarily on higher-income countries; one systematic review found only 25 of 86 studies on QOLIE characterized populations outside of Europe or North America [1]. Despite this focus in the literature on higher income countries, approximately 80% of PWE reside in low and middle income ...

Coagulating much of the epileptogenic lesion (EL) is a favorable prognostic factor for radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) for focal epilepsy [1]. However, trajectory limitations exist due to the risk of brain tissue and vascular injury around coagulated lesions. It is sometimes challenging to coagulate the entire focus when the EL is large and/or extends over the eloquent area. We propose an RFTC focal disconnection technique that minimizes the number of lesions and trajectories through stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) monitoring and cortical stimulation mapping ...

A growing number of studies has demonstrated the beneficial effect of regular exercise in individuals with epilepsy, including reduction in seizure frequency and severity, as well as better health and psychosocial benefits [1–3]. To date, clinical and experimental investigations have shown the mechanisms of these positive effects. A previous review highlights the impact of physical activity on epilepsy in both human and animal studies [4]. However, there is no extensive literature demonstrating the impact of physical exercise or sport activities ...

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, as an age- specific epileptic encephalopathy, is characterized by clustering spasms, electrographic hypsarrhythmia, and frequent developmental regression [1]. However, there are limited available therapies that have proven to be beneficial for this medical condition. The proposed first-line treatment options are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), oral corticosteroids, or vigabatrin, while any other treatments are less effective or lack proper evidence for their use [1–3].

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases which affects approximately 70 million people worldwide each year. So far, the anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are still the first choice for epilepsy. In the last few years, more and more epileptologists chose newer ASMs such as perampanel (PER) monotherapy for prescription in patients with focal-onset seizure.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an important cause of premature mortality in persons living with epilepsy (PWE) [1–2]. The incidence of SUDEP in children and adults is equal, approximately 1.2 per 1000-person years [3–5]. SUDEP is the leading cause of epilepsy-related deaths in children and adults with epilepsy [1–2]. Furthermore, next to stroke, SUDEP is the second leading cause of total years of potential life lost [6–7]. Although inroads have been made in our understanding of SUDEP, its ...

Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE) are well-defined syndromes with absence seizures being the predominant type among the four idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs).[1] CAE and JAE show some degree of overlap regarding age at onset, electroencephalography (EEG) features, and seizure types; however, they are considered distinct IGE subgroups with different prognostic and therapeutic implications.[2,3] They are characterised by typical absence seizures in otherwise healthy children.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 45.9 million worldwide.[1] Non-epileptic spells (NES) are episodic events that can present with symptoms similar to epileptic seizures (ES) but are not associated with abnormal electrical activity.[2,3] NES often refers to all events that are not epileptic seizures, including functional seizures (psychogenic non-epileptic spells, PNES) and other non-functional events such as syncope, migraine, sleep abnormalities, movement disorders.

Historically, dissociation has been difficult to describe and assess. In the late 1800’s, functional seizures, dissociative phenomena, ictal symptoms, as well as other difficult-to-explain presentations were grouped together under the term “hysteria” and were famously studied by French neurologist Jean- Martin Charcot [1]. Today, what was formerly called hysteria is seen as distinct disorders ranging from DSM-5 dissociative disorders and functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder) to complex sensory changes now recognized as ictal phenomena.

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