Seizure

Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) usually present with epileptic spams and/or focal seizures and can be good candidates for epilepsy surgery [1]. Typical absence seizures (TAS) are generalized with sudden onset and termination, lasting a few seconds, and electrographically defined by a unique EEG signature: diffuse, regular, >2.5-Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWD). Some data suggest a focal origin for thesegeneralized SWD, in particular, from themesial or polar aspects of the frontal lobe.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with recurrent and sudden excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain neurons that can disrupt the patient’s behavior and function temporarily [1]. Common treatments for epilepsy (medication and surgery), that often come with several side effects, are not able to control seizures in almost 25% of the patients. These patients must live with seizures that can happen anytime and anywhere [2]. Since epileptic seizures are related to the electrical activity of the ...

A 26-year old warehouse employee first presented with subacute, holocephalic headache of moderate intensity, dizziness, and a “red, flickering pixel” in his right visual field, followed by two bilateral tonic-clonic seizures a few days later. The initial clinical examination, EEG, brain MRI and blood work were unremarkable except for rhabdomyolysis (CK ˜10.000 U/l; upper limit of normal is 190 U/l), which was considered as complication associated with tonic-clonic seizures. During the following months, the patient suffered from intermittend fluctuating right ...

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant small vessel disease caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene [1]. Clinical manifestations of CADASIL include headaches, recurrent ischaemic strokes, and progressive cognitive decline. Seizures are an uncommon symptom and were previously reported as occurring late in the disease course, after onset of stroke [1]. We report a CADASIL family with epilepsy as an early symptom due to a novel NOTCH3 mutation.

Epilepsy is characterized by unpredictable seizures [1]. Loss of consciousness during seizures may influence the driving ability of patients with epilepsy (PWE) and result in motor vehicle accidents (MVA) [2]. In China, PWE have been forbidden from driving motor vehicles since 1988, according to the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic [3]. Provisions on the Application for and Use of Driving Licenses, which took effect in 2004, ban all PWE from obtaining a driver’s license [4].

Epilepsy is one of the most common pediatric neurologic disorders, with an incidence of 7/10,000 per year before the age of two (1). The etiology of epilepsy is diverse and complex, and genetic factors play an important role. Many genes have been associated with epilepsy, such as ion channel genes, genes related to transmitter trafficking, and genes associated with cell connections (2). Clarifying the genetic background of epilepsy is very important for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Importantly, it also ...

Epilepsy is the most frequent and chronic neurologic disorder and carries risks of significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs, one-third of patients suffer from drug resistant epilepsy [1]. In these patients, especially those with focal epilepsy, surgical treatment aiming to remove the seizure focus may represent the only available option for becoming seizure free. If the magnetic resonance (MR) result does not reveal structural abnormalities, identifying the epileptogenic zone is more challenging in these patients ...

Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (LGI1-LE) is one of the clinical syndromes associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) [1]. In addition to the common LE symptoms such as cognitive impairment, psychiatric disturbances and seizures, patients with LGI1-LE manifest hyponatremia, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) in about 50% of cases. MRI abnormalities usually involve the medial temporal lobe and basal ganglia. LE typically affects middle-aged patients with a 2:1 male to female ratio and is rarely associated with cancer ...

Stereotactic neurosurgery was initially developed in the second half of the XXth century as a solution to the high morbidity of invasive open surgery [1]. Historically, in epilepsy surgery stereotactic procedures were mainly used to localize the seizure onset zones through the recording of intracranial-EEG by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) [2]. More recently, following the growing accuracy of the delineation of the seizure onset zone and epileptic networks, the surgical management of drug-resistant epileptic patients faced new challenges [3–5].

External trigeminal nerve stimulation is an emerging noninvasive therapy for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). The aim of this study is to describe the long-term outcome of a series of patients treated with eTNS.