Seizure

Diagnosis of epilepsy is dependent on accurate clinical history and/or identification of ictal or interictal discharges (IED) on EEG. Repeated scalp EEG having a sensitivity upto 90% is considered gold standard in the management of epilepsy owing to its wide availability and low cost [1]. However, the detection of interictal discharges is dependent on several factors including seizure frequency, sleep deprivation, type of epilepsy, medications, interobserver variability etc. making the sensitivity of scalp EEG in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) highly ...

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the major cause of death in patients with epilepsy. It is defined as non-accidental, non-suicidal death in the absence of documented status epilepticus or any other identifiable causes [1]. The annual incidence rate of SUDEP is varied among different literatures according to the population of the study and reported between 0.35 – 9.3 per 1000 persons [2,3]. This incidence rate increases significantly in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy [4]. SUDEP can affect individuals of ...

In status epilepticus (SE), the etiology is a major determinant of the prognosis [1]. Hence, it is essential to investigate each cause of this condition and establish prognostic estimations and therapeutic guidelines accordingly. Cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common causes of SE, and the prevalence of stroke increases with aging. Nonetheless, SE is seldom described in studies reporting post-stroke seizures, and few reports have focused exclusively on post-stroke SE (PSSE).

Some variants of the brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) gene, namely the Val66Met (rs6265), may contribute the risk for epilepsy development. We aimed to investigate if this polymorphism was associated with the risk for epilepsy development in TLE-HS and its correlation with epilepsy-related factors and the presence of psychiatric disorders

Late-onset epilepsy secondary to congenital dacryocystocele has not previously been reported. We report the first case causing focal frontal epilepsy many decades after the development of the causative lesion.

Aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), and phenytoin (PHT), are among the most common causes of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) because of their similar structure. The mortality rate of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can be as high as 10% and 40%, respectively[1], and aromatic AEDs are among the most common causes of severe cutaneous reactions[2]. cADRs are categorized into bullous and non-bullous skin lesions by pathogenesis [3].

Many young adults with epilepsy are still living with their parents (‘failed transition to independence’) despite reaching the adult age. This study evaluated patient-related variables and measures of loneliness correlated to ‘failed transition to independence’ in adults, 25–30 years of age, with (childhood-onset) epilepsy.

Reflex seizures refer to epileptic seizures triggered immediately or within a short delay by specific motor, sensory, or cognitive stimuli [1], [2]. Praxis induction (PI), one of the well-recognized reflex epileptic traits, is defined as the precipitation of seizures or epileptiform discharges (ED) by complex cognition-guided tasks often involving visuomotor coordination and decision-making, such as playing chess, cards, or other games; calculation; manipulation; drawing; and writing [3]. PI is strongly related to genetic generalized epilepsies, particularly juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).

We read with interest the recent manuscript by Nasreddine et al [1] reporting total and free valproate concentrations from a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, multicenter, concentration-response design clinical trial that compared the safety and efficacy of two concentration ranges of divalproex. From the 265 adult and pediatric subjects enrolled in that trial, 902 synchronous values for total and free valproate concentration were obtained from 228 subjects. These data provided the basis for Nasreddine et al to perform multivariable analysis, which ...

Seizures are commonly seen in autoimmune encephalitis [1], a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with neural autoantibodies that frequently targets the cell surface and results in channelopathies, hyperexcitability and potential epileptogenicity [2,3]. A high prevalence of neural autoantibodies has been noted in focal epilepsies, with or without classic features of encephalitis ([4–6], [7]). These advances are noteworthy given targeted immunotherapeutic implications [8] and have been reflected in the most recent ILAE classification, with “immune etiology” listed alongside other classical epilepsy ...