National survey of factors associated with repeated admissions due to febrile seizure

Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common seizure observed in children. FS is characterized by episodes of convulsions that occur in association with fever in children aged between 3 months and 5 years in the absence of a central nervous system (CNS) infections or electrolyte imbalance [1–5]. FS is believed to be a benign seizure syndrome distinct from other neurologic disorders [4].

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Ictal nausea and vomiting – is it left or right?

In the focal epilepsies clinical signs can provide useful information in determining the brain area involved during epileptic seizures, i.e. the symptomatic zone. Amongst various signs, ictal nausea and vomiting, which are found in about 1.9-10% of all patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) [1–3], have been linked to seizure onset in the non-dominant (i.e., mostly right) hemisphere, suggesting a functional asymmetry for gastrointestinal control [2,4–8]. Specifically, in a case series with 31 TLE patients, the authors reported a “strong ...

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Seizures after transplantation

With the development of medical technology, transplantation has prevailed and become an important tool in the treatment of disease. According to the WHO’s statistics, as of 2015, approximately 120000 cases of solid organ transplantation have been performed globally. Renal transplantation is the most common, followed by liver transplantation, heart transplantation, lung transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc. [1]. And, in recipients of transplantation, seizures usually occur during the postoperative period [2,3].

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Long-term retention rates of antiepileptic drugs used in acute seizures

Seizures account for up to 2% of all emergency department visits, and 24% of these patients have new-onset seizures [1]. The decision regarding the choice of treatment after a single seizure includes an evaluation of the probability of relapse and the efficacy and potential toxicity of the available antiepileptic drug (AED) options [2]. Several reports and guidelines have outlined the standard of care for patients with acute seizures, but they do not specifically recommend any particular AED, as the effectiveness ...

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Does Emergent Implantation of a Vagal Nerve Stimulator stop Refractory Status Epilepticus in children?

Status Epilepticus (SE) can be a life threatening event in an epileptic population. Accurate definition of SE was necessary for clinical and therapeutic purposes. The definition of SE changed over the years: in the revision (1981) by ILAE [1] SE is “a seizure” that “persists for a sufficient length of time or is repeated frequently enough that recovery between attacks does not occur”. The treatment of SE needs adequate and shared timing-measurements to plan therapeutic decisions. Four phases were currently ...

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Marriage in People with Epilepsy: A Compelling Theme for Psycho-Behavioral Research

Epilepsy, one of the commonest neurological disorders, is not only associated with a large disability burden but also with a range of psycho-social problems [1–4]. Dealing with these psycho-social issues is sometimes more complicated than managing seizures. Difficulties experienced by people with epilepsy (PWE) in the psycho-social sphere include barriers to education, employment and marriage [5–7]. Marriage is an important societal but deeply personal issue, and can be a formidable challenge in the lives of PWE [8,9].

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Presurgical Hyperconnectivity of the Ablation Volume is Associated with Seizure-Freedom after Magnetic Resonance-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy

Magnetic Resonance-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRgLITT) is an emerging minimally-invasive alternative to resective surgery for medically-intractable epilepsy. The precise lesioning effect produced by MRgLITT supplies opportunities to glean insights into epileptogenic regions and their interactions with functional brain networks. In this exploratory analysis, we sought to characterize associations between MRgLITT ablation zones and large-scale brain networks that portended seizure outcome using resting-state fMRI.

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Novel drugs and early polypharmacotherapy in status epilepticus

Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening medical emergency. Current guidelines recommend rapid stepwise treatment first using benzodiazepines in monotherapy, followed by a sequential addition of second-line drugs if SE continues [1]. Approximately one-third of cases of SE remain refractory (RSE) or super-refractory (SRSE) to treatment with benzodiazepines and second-line drugs [2,3]. RSE refers to an ongoing SE despite two appropriately selected and dosed antiepileptic drugs, including one benzodiazepine [4].

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Pathophysiology of convulsive status epilepticus

Convulsive status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency that disproportionately affects young children and older adults [1–3]. SE is associated with a mortality of approximately 0-3% in children [1,4–7], 20-30% in older adults [7–9], and survivors often have neurological and cognitive deficits. Although these outcomes have been attributed to convulsive SE itself, etiology is a primary predictor of long-term outcome. The pathophysiological changes underlying SE are only partially understood [10,11], but an evaluation of the underlying pathophysiology may help ...

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