Seizure

Human experience [1,2] and many animal models [3,4] of epilepsy follow a classic scenario of an inciting epileptogenic event followed by a latency phase before emergence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). There is evidence that tissue remodeling occurs during the latency period, which facilitates the initiation and propagation of epileptic seizures [5–7]. Biomarkers of such remodeling can be of value for diagnosis and assessment of response to therapeutic interventions. Cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs) recorded in the seizure network in response ...

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) semiologically mimic epileptic seizures (ES) but lack their neurobiological and neurophysiological basis.[1] PNES represent 10-30% of referrals to epilepsy specialists,[2,3] and their prevalence in the general population is estimated at 2 to 33 per 100,000.[3] They constitute a significant public health issue with an estimated lifetime cost per patient cohort year in the US ranging from $110-920 million.[4]

The authors regret that there is an error in the ratio given in the first sentence on page 76 of the published article, which appears in the first sentence of section 2.2. Intervention and outcomes.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) due to perinatal asphyxia occurs in approximately 2,5 per 1000 live full-term births [1], and is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths and severe developmental and neurological compromise [2]. HIE is also one of the most common causes of infantile spasms syndrome (IS) [3] accounting for 8-10% of all IS cases [4,5]. HIE is currently treated with therapeutic hypothermia, which despite its favorable effect on the overall outcome, does not affect the rate of postneonatal ...

We share our research findings regarding slow-wave activity (SWA) evaluation in patients with Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES) compared to sex-matched controls. Slow-wave sleep plays an important role in memory consolidation and learning processes1,2. Many patients with ESES present with neurocognitive and learning difficulties3. Impaired SWA in sleep, in particular downscaling of slow wave activity during the course of the night, may therefore in part be related to neurocognitive difficulties in patients with ESES3.

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is the most common generalized genetically determined epilepsy syndrome in adults and accounts for 5–10% of all epilepsy cases (1). The syndrome is characterized by the presence of myoclonic seizures (100%), generalized-tonic-clonic seizures (GTC) (80 – 90%), and typical absence seizures (30%). The treatment consists of a balance between the avoidance of precipitating factors and antiseizure medication (ASM) (2,3).

In 2015 the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defined status epilepticus (SE) as a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures, with long-term consequences, including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. This is a proposed conceptual definition of SE, based on two operational time dimensions (t1 and t2), recognizing the variable ...

Seizures are a common neurological disorder in older people with the cumulative incidence of epilepsy through age 74 years was 3.0% [1]. Particularly traumatic brain injuries and abnormal cerebral lesions are associated with an increased risk for developing epileptic seizures. Currently, such symptomatic etiologies account for 30%–49% of all unprovoked seizures and epilepsy [1,2]. Additionally, stroke is a predominant epileptogenic condition and the main cause of seizures in the elderly. Seizures after stroke can be divided into two broad categories: ...

Sudden loss of consciousness has a variety of differential diagnoses varying from a seizure to a cardiac syncope. The diagnosis may be difficult and at times even the investigations can be non-contributory. An inquiry into the chronology of symptoms can be helpful. We herewith present a medical doctor patient with episodic loss of consciousness with self-witnessed bradycardia and pauses in his pulse prior to passing out.

Seizures are the most frequent manifestation of neurological disturbance in neonatal period. [1] Video-Electroencephalogram (Video-EEG) remains the gold standard for their diagnosis and classification, in order to properly identify electrographic discharges and recognize non-epileptic events [1].