Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Focal Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Crossover, Randomized, Single-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Epilepsy is a widespread and complex disease that affects more than 70 million people worldwide [1]. Focal seizures are the most prevalent type, affecting up to 60% of people with epilepsy (PWE) [2]. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defines drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) as the failure of two appropriate anti-seizure medication trials [3]. Despite optimal pharmacological treatment, the prevalence of DRE remains around 36% [4]. These patients should undergo evaluation for non-pharmacological treatment options.

0