Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting approximately 70 million people worldwide[1]. One-third of patients experiencing recurrent seizures despite appropriate pharmacological management[2,3]. Among these individuals with chronic refractory epilepsy, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remains the most prevalent cause of mortality, with an incidence rate of approximately three per thousand, accounting for 10-50% of all epilepsy-related deaths[4,5]. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) constitute one of the primary risk factors for SUDEP[6].
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