Functional Seizure Semiology and Classification in a Public and Private Hospital

Functional seizures (FS), also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), dissociative seizures and non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), present as clinically observable, paroxysmal alterations in behaviour or consciousness that resemble epileptic seizures but are not associated with epileptiform electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and are not directly caused by other organic conditions [1]. While these seizure-like events are the result of complex neuropsychiatric factors [2,3], their resemblance to epileptic convulsions, especially to healthcare providers who have little experience in dealing with FS, often results in the incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy [4,5].

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