Comparative study of perceived invalidating environment and stress coping strategies between patients with drug resistant epilepsy and functional dissociative seizures

Functional dissociative seizures (FDS), formerly psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), are sudden and involuntary episodes involving changes in motor and sensory activity, cognitive processing, behavior, and autonomic function. Even though they may resemble epileptic seizures (ES), there are no epileptogenic discharges in the EEG of patients with FDS [1–4]. Currently, the process of diagnosing FDS is evolving from the exclusion of epilepsy to the recognition of typical clinical features [5].

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