Functional / dissociative seizures (FDS), also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), are one of the most prevalent types of functional neurological disorder (FND) [63]. FDS are episodes that behaviourally resemble epileptic seizures or syncope [59,62]. They can be conceptualised as an involuntary response to internal or external triggers associated with dysfunctional emotion regulation [17]. FDS are a common condition and account for approximately 15% of patients referred to neurology clinics with seizure-like events [3].
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