Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is characterized by an abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern of nearly continuous epileptiform activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [1,2]. Patients presenting with EEG abnormalities in association with cognitive and/or behavioral regression has been defined as having developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE/EE-SWAS) [1]. DEE-SWAS and EE-SWAS are usually limited to childhood and account for approximately 0.5–0.6% of childhood epilepsy cases in tertiary care centers [1].
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