Surgical treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epileptic Encephalopathy/developmental epileptic encephalopathy with Spike-and-Wave Activation in Sleep (EE/DEE-SWAS) is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by neurocognitive, behavioral and motor regression following the appearance of continuous spike-and-wave on EEG during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep(1). DEE-SWAS is seen in patients with pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders, while patients with EE-SWAS have normal development preceding the onset of SWAS [1]. Clinical seizures often develop 1-2 years earlier and become more frequent and severe with the manifestation of SWAS on EEG.

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