Neurostimulation targeting the epileptic focus: current understanding and perspectives for treatment

Despite the present-day availability of over 30 anti-seizure medications, more than one-third of people with epilepsy do not achieve seizure control with medications alone [1]. For individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, localization of the epileptic focus can open up non-medical treatment options, in particular resective epilepsy surgery or laser interstitial thermal ablation, with a high chance to achieve complete seizure control [2]. While generally safe, these destructive, irreversible procedures necessarily involve some risk of resulting neurological deficits, and they may not be feasible when seizures arise from multiple brain regions or from eloquent cortex.

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