Functional seizures (FS), also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), manifest as clinically observable, paroxysmal changes in behaviour or consciousness that mimic epileptic seizures, but unlike the latter, they are not associated with electrophysiological brain abnormalities [1]. While these seizure-like events are believed to be caused by psychological factors [2], their resemblance to epileptic convulsions, especially to healthcare providers who have little experience in dealing with FS, often results in the incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy [3,4].
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