Intranasal administration of antiseizure medications in chronic and emergency treatment: Hopes and challenges

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorder, affecting approximately 70 million individuals worldwide [1]. Despite the development and approval of numerous antiseizure medications (ASMs), nearly 30% of epilepsy patients exhibit resistance to pharmacotherapy [2]. The medical consequences staying behind inadequate seizure control comprise premature mortality, physical harm, societal exclusion, stigma, heightened prevalence of depression and anxiety, and an overall diminished quality of life [1].

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