Exploring causal correlations between systemic inflammatory cytokines and epilepsy: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Although anti-epileptic medications constitute the primary therapeutic approach, approximately 30% of individuals with epilepsy are refractory to drug treatment and must rely on alternative interventions, such as surgical procedures [1]. In recent years, and the advancement of research, particularly with regards to genome wide association studies (GWAS), there has been a growing discovery of a larger number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with epilepsy.

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