Intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring is often required in preoperative evaluation of patients with refractory epilepsy, especially when noninvasive tests such as MRI, scalp EEG, PET and SPECT, etc. cannot identify the epileptogenic zone (EZ) or its proximity to eloquent cortex.[1, 2] Electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) has been regarded as a critical procedure in iEEG monitoring since 1950s. It was first applied in clinical practice to elicit behavioral responses as well as to localize seizure onset zone (SOZ) in epilepsy patients.
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