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MOG was identified in the late 1970s as a central nervous system (CNS) specific protein expressed on the surface of myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes. In pediatric demyelinating diseases, MOG antibodies were first described in 2007 [1], and Mariotto [2] reported that MOG-IgG was detected in up to 40% of pediatric patients with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) of the CNS. MOG antibody-mediated central nervous system demyelinating diseases have a variety of phenotypes, including optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and brain stem/cortical encephalitis.