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Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) with continuous spike and waves during sleep (CSWS) including Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a focal epilepsy syndrome of childhood characterised by the combination of regression in cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric functioning and a characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern, i.e. focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) that are activated in NREM sleep stages and tend to spread over the whole scalp [1]. Some cases are related to a specific aetiology (structural cerebral lesion or genetic mutation), but in most cases the aetiology is unknown.