Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms Underlying Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Target

Epilepsy is the fourth most prevalent brain disease manifested by recurrent seizures. It affects people irrespective of age1. A variety of etiologies and injuries are linked to epileptic seizures, with differing distribution in the world2. Epilepsy is difficult to diagnose, particularly in underprivileged countries where its recognition and acceptance are hindered massively by socioeconomic and cultural influence3. These limitations, accompanying with the heterogeneous distribution of some environmental risk factors, are potential justifications for the diversified course, frequency, and outcomes of epilepsy on earth4.

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