Clinical characteristics and fetal outcomes in women with epilepsy with planned and unplanned pregnancy: a retrospective study

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects approximately 12.5 million women of childbearing age worldwide [1]. Compared with healthy individuals, women with epilepsy (WWE) often have increased risk of pregnancy complications, for example, gestational hypertension, pre ­ eclampsia, post-partum hemorrhage, antepartum hemorrhage, placental abruption premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and cesarean section [2–6]. Furthermore, infants of WWE who take antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at an additional risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) [7,8], neurodevelopmental delays [9], and low birth weights [10].

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