Epilepsy affects more than 50 million people worldwide and is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. One of the main goals of treatment is to improve patient quality of life by optimizing the balance between seizure control and side effects of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Although the majority of patients can be adequately controlled with AEDs, a significant number, estimated to be as high as 30% stay uncontrolled with conventional medical treatment. This can be further complicated if a patient has comorbid impaired renal function given how AEDs are eliminated and how they are affected by impaired renal function.
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