Preoperative language mapping using navigated TMS compared with extra-operative direct cortical stimulation using intracranial electrodes: A case report

Functional language mapping is an important part of assessing patients with epilepsy undergoing evaluation for resective surgery. Currently, direct cortical stimulation (DCS) is considered the gold standard, but requires surgery. Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly being utilised for non-invasive preoperative language mapping in tumour surgery [1,2]. However, the concordance between rTMS and DCS is not yet established in non-lesional surgery.

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