Intraoperative ultrasonography (ioUS) characteristics of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II b

Worldwide, 50 to 60 million people suffer from epilepsy and up to one third can develop drug-resistance [1]. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a wide group of heterogeneous pathological entities affecting various aspects of the brain, such as cortex architecture, grey- white matter junction and subcortical white matter composition [2]. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has recently proposed a three-tiered classification system of clinical-pathological subtypes. Type I is characterized by aberrant radial (Ia) or tangential (Ib) lamination of the neocortex or a combination of the two (Ic).

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