Comparison of the neurocognitive outcomes in term infants treated with levetiracetam and phenobarbital monotherapy for neonatal clinical seizures

Treatment of neonatal seizures with a proper antiepileptic drug remains a significant clinical problem in medicine [1–3]. There are few evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation and management of neonatal seizures. Available guidelines indicate that phenobarbital (PB) remains the first-line treatment for neonatal seizures [4,5]. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the second-line antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (LEV), benzodiazepine, fosphenytoin, or lidocaine [6–8]. In the last decade, case series and clinical studies have suggested LEV as a first-line antiepileptic drug ...

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Convulsive status epilepticus in children recently diagnosed with epilepsy and long-term health-related quality of life

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is associated with increased mortality, though its long-term sequelae are not clearly delineated [1,2]. Some evidence suggests that CSE is associated with motor, cognitive, and/or behavioral impairments; however, the etiology, and potentially the type of epilepsy and patients’ age are suggested to be the primary drivers of outcomes following CSE [1,2]. For patients with a history of CSE, limited evidence is available on patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL)[1,2].

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Targeted re-sequencing in malformations of cortical development: Genotype-phenotype correlations

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders related to the disruption of tightly regulated processes of cortex formation, due to various genetic, infectious, or vascular etiologies [1]. Clinical presentation and outcome in individuals with MCD are highly variable, including intellectual disability and refractory epilepsy at the most severe end of the spectrum [2,3]. The identification of underlying mechanisms is thus crucial for a more accurate prognosis, familial recurrence risk counselling, and better health management.

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Interleukin 18 (IL-18) and its binding protein (IL-18BP) are increased in patients with epilepsy suggesting low-grade systemic inflammation

Current epilepsy treatment is mostly symptomatic and seems not to influence the underlying pathology or progression of the disease [1,2]. One-third of the patients are still resistant to current therapies [2–4]. The presence of inflammation, without known autoimmune or infectious etiology has been reported in epilepsy in the past two decades and has been considered an important mechanism for epileptogenesis [for review see [4–7]]. A ‘neuromodulatory’ role of various inflammatory molecules like cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins in epilepsy models has ...

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Brivaracetam in absence status epilepticus

Brivaracetam (BRV) is a high-affinity synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A ligand with fast brain penetration, rapid onset of action and intravenous (IV) formulation, suggesting a potentially use in emergency setting [1]. The role of BRV in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) presenting with absence status epilepticus (ASE) is currently limited [1,2], and further experiences are required to warrant recommendation in this emergency situation.

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The Association Between HLA-A*03:01 and HLA-B*07:02 Alleles and Oxcarbazepine-induced Maculopapular Eruption in the Uighur Chinese Population

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, with more than 2% of the worldwide population affected, according to the latest study [1]. Patients with epilepsy need long-term or lifelong aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) [2]. Maculopapular eruption (MPE) is the most common clinical manifestation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) in patients taking aromatic AEDs [3]. MPE is characterized by small pink patches and papules on the skin. Clinically, the overall incidence of various forms of AED-induced cADRs is ...

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