Seizure

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) has been identified as one of the most prevalent causes of mortality in those living with epilepsy and has therefore become an important topic of research1. The causes of SUDEP appear to be multifactorial and include epilepsy-induced cardiac arrest1. Sudden unexplained death (SUD) is also an important problem in cardiology2,3. We propose that our understanding of SUDEP may be improved by giving more mutual attention to the findings of the two disciplines.

Patients with epilepsy require long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and in female patients the management of epilepsy before, during, and after pregnancy is critical. Pregnancy is associated with pharmacokinetic changes, including increased volume of distribution, elevated renal clearance, and induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome p450 [CYP] family and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase [UGTs]). For example, the concentrations oflamotrigine, which is metabolized in the liver by UGTs, and levetiracetam, which is primarily eliminated by renal excretion, can decrease by 40% to ...

Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, being one of the most common neurological disorders [34]. Unfortunately, although the advent of a large number of antiepileptic drugs since the 1990s, about 36% of epilepsy patients do not respond to an appropriately pharmacological treatment and remains uncontrolled [20, 34, 79].

The human hippocampus is a highly complex brain region involved in episodic, semantic, and spatial memory processing [1,2]. Changes in hippocampal volume and structure are of interest when analysing the effects of ageing and several neurological or psychiatric diseases, such as major depression [3], schizophrenia [4] or cognitive deficits, including those observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [5]. Furthermore, hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a key finding in patients with epilepsy [6]. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of HS are associated with ...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, and is often the treatment of choice for gastric acid-related disorders. [1] The common adverse events of PPIs are diarrhea, headache, nausea, dizziness and generalized abdominal pain. [2,3] There were two prescription-event monitoring studies reporting an incidence of seizures or convulsions in PPI recipients. [4,5] The first study reported 17 convulsion events among 16,204 PPI users during a 12-month follow-up period, [4] and the other study reported one ...

Epilepsy is one of the most common and serious neurological diseases, and while many people with epilepsy (PWE) have normal lives, at least 30–40% of people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy have increased morbidity and mortality with poor long-term prognosis [1,2]. Additionally, epilepsy impairs the quality of life (QoL) of patients due to diverse factors such as uncontrolled and unpredictable seizures, psychosocial issues, stigma, and prolonged use of antiseizure medication (ASM) [1-3]. Seizure severity affects a patient’s autonomy, limiting their social life ...

Quality of life (QoL) is a complex concept, impacted by times and places, cultures and ages. Although the implicit meaning seems to be evident to all, the need of measurement tools for quantification and thus, allowing for comparisons, revealed its multidimensionality.

Epilepsy surgery conceptually relies on the identification of the so-called epileptogenic zone [1]. However, in up to 25-50 % [2] of candidates for epilepsy surgery, questions remain as to the extent of the resection (or disconnection) necessary and or sometimes simply laterality. Such patients usually undergo invasive monitoring, i.e. placement of intracerebral depth and/or subdural strip or grid electrodes for intracranial EEG recordings, with grid electrodes providing the additional opportunity for eloquent cortex mapping.

: Determine whether machine learning techniques would enhance our ability to incorporate key variables into a parsimonious model with optimized prediction performance for electroencephalographic seizure (ES) prediction in critically ill children.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is believed to be the most common type of focal epilepsy in adults [1]. In the US, the estimated prevalence is 0.51-0.66 case per 1,000 people, and the incidence is 3.1-3.4 cases per 100,000 people/year [2]. However, most information regarding the prevalence of temporal lobe epilepsies is derived from few studies, most of which have been performed in referral centres dedicated to epilepsy surgery; thus, providing skewed estimates [3]. The most striking characteristic of MTLE ...