Seizure

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), characterized by recurrent seizures despite the administration of multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs), poses a substantial challenge in epilepsy management. One of the primary difficulties in managing DRE lies in the absence of reliable biomarkers for identifying patients at risk. The pathomechanism underlying the acquisition of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy remains elusive, although several hypotheses have been proposed, including network degeneration, neuroinflammation, changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in drug transporters [1,2].

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) encompasses a range of inherited neurological disorders, each displaying a diverse array of symptoms. A specific subtype within this spectrum is known as beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), which arises due to mutations in the WDR45 gene. This particular variant of NBIA presents with childhood developmental delay (DD), notably characterized by expressive speech delays and recurrent seizures. Of note BPAN is the sole X-linked form of NBIA, typically exhibiting a more severe course of disease ...

Despite adequate therapy with antiseizure medication (ASM), one-third of patients continue to have seizures, which may evolve into seizure emergencies, including seizure clusters, prolonged episodes, and status epilepticus, which represent life-threatening neurological emergencies with serious cerebral and systemic sequelae.[1,2] Rescue medications are given as needed to disrupt the progression of a seizure and forestall what would otherwise be a more prolonged or severe clinical event.[3,4]Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam, are positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, whose activation ...

Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition, affected over 65 million people worldwide.[1] The median incidence rate of epilepsy is 82.2 per 100,000 in age group 0-14 years, which is higher than the older group.[2] Diagnosing, classifying, and reporting seizure frequency are typically challenges for pediatric patients in clinical practice and research of epilepsy.[3] There are a few placebo-control randomized clinical trials demonstrating efficacy and well tolerance of LCM in adults and adolescents patient.

Epilepsy is one of the most common long term conditions affecting women of child-bearing age, impacting approximately 1 in 200 (0.5%) pregnancies in the UK (1). Global figures of the prevalence of epilepsy in pregnancy are difficult to estimate, however it is suggested that between 0.3 and 0.8% of all gestations are impacted (2). Neurological conditions are the fourth highest cause of all maternal deaths in the UK and epilepsy related deaths show no significant sign of decreasing (3). The ...

Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological condition, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals worldwide[1–3]. Notwithstanding the wide range of available antiepileptic drugs, around 30% of individuals with epilepsy experience inadequate seizure control[4–6]. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been established as a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients with refractory epilepsy who are ineligible for surgical intervention.

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is a broad group of epilepsies manifesting as generalized seizure types and generalized spike-waves. Despite clinical genetic evidence, the search for the genes responsible for GGE has been slow to identify pathogenic variants because of the polygenic basis [1].

Focal-onset seizures (FOS) in adults are controlled using anti-seizure medications (ASMs), with monotherapy being the gold standard for management of newly diagnosed epilepsies. Despite this optimal approach, over 50% of patients do not achieve seizure-free outcomes with initial monotherapy [1]. For these patients, use of alternative monotherapies followed by combination therapies using an additional ASM as an adjunctive is recommended [1,2]. Drug-resistant epilepsy affects a significant portion of the epilepsy population [3], and it can be challenging to manage seizures ...

Here, we introduce a novel algorithm and pipeline designed for the rapid and precise localization of stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) electrodes. sEEG is increasingly utilized for localization of seizure foci, functional mapping, and neurocognitive research [1]. This is largely due to its ability to target deep and difficult to reach anatomical locations and offers unparalleled opportunities to study in vivo brain function with a high signal-to-noise ratio [2]. It is not surprising, therefore, that sEEG is leveraged in various neuroscientific studies and ...

Déjà vu (DV) is a French term that means “already seen” and it refers to the subjective feeling of recognizing a current situation, even though there is no clear memory of having experienced it before. The sensation of déjà vu occurs when two cognitive processes intersect: The experience of recognizing the present situation and the realization that this feeling of recognition is strange or does not fit [1,2].