Seizure

People with epilepsy and their families suffer from severe stigma and discrimination in China, mostly because of traditional and superstitious views [1–3]. Such cultural misconceptions are considered to be a greater handicap to people with epilepsy than disability from repetitive seizures or antiepileptic drug side effects [4,5], contributing to tremendous psychological, economic, and social burdens [6–8]. Worse more, such stigmatizing attitudes are not just prevalent among the general population, but also exist in health-care personnel even though they have received ...

The authors would like to report an error appearing in the text, under 2. Case Reports, in paragraph 2.2 Patient 2. The KCNT1 de novo gene mutation was mistakenly reported as c.2965 G > T, instead of the correct mutation which was c.2955 G > T. The change does not affect the scientific results.

Surgical treatment for epilepsy is an effective and safe procedure for selected patients in drug resistant focal epilepsy. [1–3] The presurgical evaluation is time consuming and costly and entails a multidisciplinary approach including neuroimaging, video-EEG recordings, neuropsychiatric assessment and neuropsychological assessment. Recent studies have demonstrated the cost-effectiveness and health economic gains of successful surgery. [4] Most studies of epilepsy surgery focus on the outcome of patients who proceed to surgery.

The success of epilepsy surgery relies on the accurate localization and complete resection or disconnection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) from surrounding brain tissue. The epileptogenic zone is defined as the minimum amount of cortex that must be resected to produce seizure freedom and is consequently an area that can only be identified retrospectively based on epilepsy surgery outcome [1]. In contrast, the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is defined as the area of cortex where the seizure is generated and ...

The authors regret that the second affiliation of the first author Alba González was omitted in the first version of the published article.

Cerebrovascular disease is involved in 11% of epilepsy cases, and the rate increases with age, reaching up to 45% of incident cases in the older population (>65 years) [1,2]. In addition, stroke is one of the most frequent aetiologies of status epilepticus (SE), although this condition occurs in only 1.5% of strokes [3,4].

Anger and irritability are features of the aggressive behaviour described to be present in up to 7% of epilepsy patients [1]. History of psychiatric conditions, uncontrolled seizures and static encephalopathies have been the risk factors most commonly associated with aggressive behaviour [1]. However, medical treatment often results in behavioural changes in patients and some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have demonstrated a high risk of developing psychiatric adverse events [2]. The majority of AEDs may induce at some point positive or negative ...

An estimated 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, 85% of whom reside in the low and low-middle income countries (LMICs). [1] In sub-Saharan Africa only 36% of children with epilepsy have access to antiseizure medications (ASMs) and 95% of this group are managed with phenobarbital. [2] One of the chronic side effects of ASMs are abnormalities in bone metabolism. [3,4]

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting more than 70 million people worldwide and is characterized by recurrent unpredictable epileptic seizures [1]. In Western countries, the prevalence of epilepsy is about 0.6% [2].

Epileptic encephalopathies (EE), are disorders of the developing brain characterized by intractable seizures and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, that typically result in cognitive and motor delay, regression, and sometimes death. [1,2] Forty percent of seizures in children aged three years or less can be classified as EE. [3] Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) have their onset during infancy and are highly variable in etiology and natural history. While seizure is the core symptom for all EIEE syndromes often accompanied by progressive ...