Epilepsy is a diverse neurological disorder defined by the occurrence of recurrent unprovoked seizures, caused by abnormal, uncontrolled, and excessive electrical discharges in the brain [1–2]. Epilepsy-related pathophysiological processes such as excitotoxicity, oxidative damage and microglia-mediated inflammation have been linked to various neurodegenerative changes, including neuronal and axonal loss in brain areas primarily involved in the electrographic seizure activity [1]. Moreover, several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to have neurotoxic and retinotoxic effects [3–5].
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