Epilepsia. Official Journal of the International League Against Epilepsy

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modified Atkins diet (MAD), a variant of the ketogenic diet, has an impact on bone- and calcium (Ca) metabolism.

Methods

Two groups of adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy were investigated. One, the diet group (n = 53), was treated with MAD for 12 weeks, whereas the other, the reference group (n = 28), stayed on their habitual diet in the same period. All measurements were performed before and after the 12 weeks in both groups. We assessed bone ...

Abstract

Objectives

An important but understudied benefit of resective epilepsy surgery is improvement in productivity; that is, people’s ability to contribute to society through participation in the workforce and in unpaid roles such as carer duties. Here, we aimed to evaluate productivity in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) pre- and post-resective epilepsy surgery, and to explore the factors that positively influence productivity outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using four electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central ...

Abstract

Objective

Nodular heterotopias (NHs) are malformations of cortical development associated with drug-resistant focal epilepsy with frequent poor surgical outcome. The epileptogenic network is complex and can involve the nodule, the overlying cortex, or both. Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) during stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) allows the investigation of functional connectivity between the stimulated and responsive cortices by eliciting cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs). We used SPES to analyze the NH connectome and its relation to the epileptogenic network organization.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 12 patients with NH ...

Abstract

Objective

This study investigates the effects of PRAX-562 on sodium current (I_Na), intrinsic neuronal excitability, and protection from evoked seizures to determine whether a preferential persistent I_Na inhibitor would exhibit improved preclinical efficacy and tolerability compared to two standard voltage-gated sodium channel (Na_V) blockers.

Methods

Inhibition of I_Na was characterized using patch clamp analysis. The effect on intrinsic excitability was measured using evoked action potentials recorded from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using the maximal electroshock seizure ...

Abstract

Objectives

There is no effective therapy to prevent the development of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Recently, we reported that administration of the antiseizure medication (ASM) levetiracetam (LEV) shortly after trauma prevented the development of epileptiform activity in two experimental models of neurotrauma. However, the time window for effective intervention with LEV may be too narrow for most clinical settings. Using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model, the current study tested whether early administration of brivaracetam (BRV), an ASM with 20 times ...

Abstract

Objective

This study was undertaken to report clinical presentations and outcomes of CASPR2-IgG-associated seizures.

Methods

Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology database was queried to identify CASPR2-IgG-seropositive (CASPR2-IgG+) patients evaluated at our institution (2009–2019).

Results

Of the 53 CASPR2-IgG+ patients (titer ≥ 1:10), 20 had seizures (38%). All seizure patients were male, with median onset age of 68 years. Eighteen (90%) had seizures at initial presentation. One patient was found to have malignancy (colon adenocarcinoma). Two patients had coexisting LGI1-IgG. Twelve patients had archived sera, which on titration had CASPR2-IgG ...

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to identify genes associated with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) by combining large cohorts enriched with individuals with a positive family history. Secondarily, we set out to compare the association of genes independently with familial and sporadic GGE.

Methods

We performed a case–control whole exome sequencing study in unrelated individuals of European descent diagnosed with GGE (previously recruited and sequenced through multiple international collaborations) and ancestry-matched controls. The association of ultra-rare variants (URVs; in 18 834 protein-coding genes) with epilepsy was examined ...

Abstract

Objective

This study was undertaken to determine the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic variability of fenfluramine (FFA) and its main active metabolite norfenfluramine (norFFA) in relation to the prevalence of adverse effects in patients with refractory epilepsy treated with FFA. In addition, the interaction with concomitant antiseizure medications including stiripentol (STP) is studied.

Methods

Patients were recruited at our center from two open-label sources, an investigator-initiated observational study and an international multicenter extension study. Venous blood samples were collected between June 2015 and December ...

Abstract

Objective

In order to more appropriately apply and understand the “epilepsy treatment gap” (ETG) concept in current health systems, revised conceptual and operational definitions of ETG are timely and necessary. This article therefore systematically reviews worldwide studies of the ETG, distinguishing high-, middle-, and low-income regions, and provides recommendations for an updated International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition of ETG.

Methods

A systematic review of the ETG was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The search was ...

Abstract

Objective

Despite the overall success of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) therapy for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, clinical outcomes in individuals vary significantly and are hard to predict. Biomarkers that indicate the clinical efficacy of RNS—ideally before device implantation—are critically needed, but challenges include the intrinsic heterogeneity of the RNS patient population and variability in clinical management across epilepsy centers. The aim of this study is to use a multicenter dataset to evaluate a candidate biomarker from intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings that predicts clinical ...