Impact of frequency and lateralization of interictal discharges on neuropsychological and fine motor status in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Summary

Despite a positive prognosis for seizure remission, children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) have been reported to exhibit subtle neuropsychological difficulties. We examined the relationship between patterns of centrotemporal spikes (the typical electroencephalography [EEG] finding in BECTS) and neuropsychological and motor outcomes in children with new-onset BECTS. Thirty-four patients with new-onset BECTS (not taking antiepileptic medication) and 48 typically developing children participated in the study. In BECTS patients, centrotemporal spikes (CTS) were evaluated in the ...

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Correlates of health-related quality of life in children with drug resistant epilepsy

Summary

Objective

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is compromised in children with epilepsy. The current study aimed to identify correlates of HRQL in children with drug resistant epilepsy.

Methods

Data came from 115 children enrolled in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life Study (PEPSQOL), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Individual, clinical, and family factors were evaluated. HRQL was measured using the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE), a parent-rated epilepsy-specific instrument, with composite ...

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Patient safety events in hospital care of individuals with epilepsy

Summary

Objectives

(1) To describe patient adverse events (PAEs) experienced by hospitalized individuals with epilepsy and examine the association of an epilepsy diagnosis on risk of specific PAEs; (2) to examine the impact of a PAE on (a) length of stay (LOS), (b) inpatient death, and (c) use of institutional post-acute care.

Methods

We applied the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) software to the National Inpatient Sample database to identify potential medical and postoperative ...

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Ketogenic diet treatment increases longevity in Kcna1-null mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Summary

Individuals with poorly controlled epilepsy have a higher risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). With approximately one third of people with epilepsy not achieving adequate seizure control with current antiseizure drugs, there is a critical need to identify treatments that reduce risk factors for SUDEP. The Kcna1-null mutant mouse models risk factors and terminal events associated with SUDEP. In the current study, we demonstrate the progressive nature of epilepsy and sudden death in this model ...

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Does status epilepticus induced at early postnatal period change excitability after cortical epileptic afterdischarges?

Summary

Possible changes of cortical excitability after status epilepticus (SE) elicited in 12-day-old rats were studied by means of paired cortical afterdischarges (ADs). Consequences of lithium-pilocarpine status were studied in animals with implanted electrodes 3, 6, 9, 13, and 26 days after SE. Paired low-frequency stimulation with a 1-min interval was repeated after 10 min, and duration of ADs was measured. Control rats received saline instead of pilocarpine; other treatments were the same as in SE group. Postictal ...

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Bioavailability and bioequivalence comparison of brivaracetam 10, 50, 75, and 100 mg tablets and 100 mg intravenous bolus

Summary

Objective

To determine the bioequivalence of brivaracetam oral tablet formulations (10, 75, and 100 mg) versus 50 mg oral tablet and to compare the bioavailability of brivaracetam 100 mg intravenous (i.v.) bolus versus 50 and 100 mg tablets, in healthy participants.

Methods

Phase 1, randomized, open-label, five-period crossover study. Participants received five single doses of brivaracetam: 10, 50 (reference), 75, and 100 mg oral tablets; 100 mg, i.v., bolus injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum plasma concentration [Cmax], area under the ...

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Plasma taurine levels are not affected by vigabatrin in pediatric patients

Summary

Vigabatrin is a highly effective antiseizure medication, but its use is limited due to concerns about retinal toxicity. One proposed mechanism for this toxicity is vigabatrin-mediated reduction of taurine. Herein we assess plasma taurine levels in a retrospective cohort of children with epilepsy, including a subset receiving vigabatrin. All children who underwent a plasma amino acid analysis as part of their clinical evaluation between 2006 and 2015 at Stanford Children’s Health were included in the analysis. There ...

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Concussive convulsions: A YouTube video analysis

Summary

Objective

To analyze seizure-like motor phenomena immediately occurring after concussion (concussive convulsions).

Methods

Twenty-five videos of concussive convulsions were obtained from YouTube as a result of numerous sports-related search terms. The videos were analyzed by four independent observers, documenting observations of the casualty, the head injury, motor symptoms of the concussive convulsions, the postictal period, and the outcome.

Results

Immediate responses included the fencing response, bear hug position, and bilateral leg extension. Fencing response was the most common. The side ...

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Estradiol does not affect spasms in the betamethasone-NMDA rat model of infantile spasms

Summary

Objective

This study attempted to validate the effects of neonatal estradiol in ameliorating the spasms in the prenatally betamethasone-primed N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) model of infantile spasms in rats as shown previously in a mouse Arx gene knock-in expansion model of infantile spasms.

Methods

Neonatal rats prenatally exposed to betamethasone (on day 15 of pregnancy) were treated with subcutaneous 40 ng/g estradiol benzoate (EB) between postnatal days (P)3–P10 or P0–P5. A synthetic estrogen analogue, diethylstilbestrol, was used between P0 and P5 ...

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Long-term socioeconomic consequences and health care costs of childhood and adolescent-onset epilepsy

Summary

Objective

To estimate long-term socioeconomic consequences and health care costs of epilepsy with onset in childhood and adolescence.

Methods

A historical prospective cohort study of Danish individuals with epilepsy, age up to 20 years at time of diagnosis between January 1981 and December 2012. Information about marital status, parenthood, educational level, employment status, income, use of the health care system, and cost of medicine was obtained from nationwide administrative and health registers.

Results

We identified 12,756 and 28,319 people with diagnosed ...

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