Reduced steroidogenesis in patients with PCDH19-female limited epilepsy

Summary

Patients affected by protocadherin 19 (PCDH19)–female limited epilepsy (PCDH19-FE) present a remarkable reduction in allopregnanolone blood levels. However, no information is available on other neuroactive steroids and the steroidogenic response to hormonal stimulation. For this reason, we evaluated allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone sulfate by liquid chromatographic procedures coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in 12 unrelated patients and 15 age-matched controls. We also tested cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, and 17OH-progesterone using standard immunoassays. Apart from estradiol and progesterone, ...

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Reduced steroidogenesis in patients with PCDH19-female limited epilepsy

Summary

Patients affected by protocadherin 19 (PCDH19)–female limited epilepsy (PCDH19-FE) present a remarkable reduction in allopregnanolone blood levels. However, no information is available on other neuroactive steroids and the steroidogenic response to hormonal stimulation. For this reason, we evaluated allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone sulfate by liquid chromatographic procedures coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in 12 unrelated patients and 15 age-matched controls. We also tested cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, and 17OH-progesterone using standard immunoassays. Apart from estradiol and progesterone, ...

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Anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy: A meta-analysis

Summary

Objective

Comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy (PWE) are highly prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. However, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PWE across studies is highly variable. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and moderating factors of anxiety and depressive disorders in PWE.

Methods

Following prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42015027101), electronic databases were searched for studies that reported the prevalence of both anxiety and depressive disorders in samples of PWE up until July ...

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Anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy: A meta-analysis

Summary

Objective

Comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy (PWE) are highly prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. However, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PWE across studies is highly variable. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and moderating factors of anxiety and depressive disorders in PWE.

Methods

Following prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42015027101), electronic databases were searched for studies that reported the prevalence of both anxiety and depressive disorders in samples of PWE up until July ...

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Long-term outcome in adolescent-onset generalized genetic epilepsies

Summary

Objective

Until now, it has been unclear if the three subsyndromes of adolescent-onset generalized genetic epilepsy (GGE) differ in long-term prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term seizure outcome in juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (EGTCS).

Methods

This retrospective study is based on the archive of an institutional tertiary care outpatient clinic for adult patients with epilepsy. Charts of 870 epilepsy outpatients were reviewed among whom 176 had ...

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Long-term outcome in adolescent-onset generalized genetic epilepsies

Summary

Objective

Until now, it has been unclear if the three subsyndromes of adolescent-onset generalized genetic epilepsy (GGE) differ in long-term prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term seizure outcome in juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (EGTCS).

Methods

This retrospective study is based on the archive of an institutional tertiary care outpatient clinic for adult patients with epilepsy. Charts of 870 epilepsy outpatients were reviewed among whom 176 had ...

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Electroclinical findings of minor motor events during sleep in temporal lobe epilepsy

Summary

Objective

It is well known that sleep-related motor seizures can originate from the temporal lobe. However, little is known about the clinical features of minor motor manifestations during sleep in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The main objective of our study was to verify the existence of minor motor events during sleep in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to define their clinical features and electroencephalography (EEG) correlations.

Methods

We enrolled in the study patients with diagnosis ...

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Electroclinical findings of minor motor events during sleep in temporal lobe epilepsy

Summary

Objective

It is well known that sleep-related motor seizures can originate from the temporal lobe. However, little is known about the clinical features of minor motor manifestations during sleep in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The main objective of our study was to verify the existence of minor motor events during sleep in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to define their clinical features and electroencephalography (EEG) correlations.

Methods

We enrolled in the study patients with diagnosis ...

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Psychiatric and behavioral comorbidities in epilepsy: A critical reappraisal

Summary

Psychiatric and behavioral disorders are important aspects of epilepsy and have received increasing attention in the last several years. The literature upon which most of the field relies contains some biases that must be carefully examined and resolved in future studies. First, in the pediatric epilepsy literature, many reports find that children with epilepsy have high levels of behavioral and psychiatric disorders when compared to appropriate controls. Most of these studies rely on parent-proxy completed instruments to ...

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Obstructive apnea due to laryngospasm links ictal to postictal events in SUDEP cases and offers practical biomarkers for review of past cases and prevention of new ones

Summary

Seizure spread into autonomic and respiratory brainstem regions is thought to play an important role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). As the clinical dataset of cases of definite SUDEP available for study grows, evidence points to a sequence of events that includes postictal apnea, bradycardia, and asystole as critical events that can lead to death. One possible link between the precipitating seizure and the critical postictal sequence is seizure-driven laryngospasm sufficient to completely obstruct the ...

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