Epilepsia. Official Journal of the International League Against Epilepsy

Abstract

Objective

To develop consensus-based recommendations for the management of adult and pediatric patients with NORSE/FIRES based on best available evidence and expert opinion.

Methods

The Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of 9 experts was established, who defined the scope, users and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment and research directions were generated which were then voted on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 ...

Abstract

The Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI) was held in Madrid, Spain on May 22–25, 2022 and was attended by 157 delegates from 26 countries representing basic and clinical science, regulatory agencies, and pharmaceutical industries. One day of the conference was dedicated to sessions presenting and discussing investigational compounds under development for the treatment of seizures and epilepsy. The current progress report summarizes recent findings and current knowledge for seven of these compounds in more ...

Abstract

Objective

Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are rare treatment-resistant childhood epilepsies classed as developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. ELEKTRA investigated the efficacy and safety of soticlestat (TAK-935) as adjunctive therapy in children with DS or LGS (NCT03650452).

Methods

ELEKTRA was a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of soticlestat (≤300 mg twice daily, weight-adjusted) in children (aged 2–17 years) with DS, demonstrating three or more convulsive seizures/month, or with LGS, demonstrating four or more drop seizures/month at baseline. The 20-week treatment period comprised an ...

Abstract

Objective

Reorganization of the language network from typically left-lateralized frontotemporal regions to bilaterally distributed or right-lateralized networks occurs in anywhere from 25-30% of patients with focal epilepsy. In patients recently diagnosed with epilepsy, an important question remains as to whether it is the presence of seizures or the underlying epilepsy etiology that lead to atypical language representations. This question becomes even more interesting in pediatric samples, where the typical developmental processes of the language network may confer more variability and plasticity ...

Abstract

Objectives

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and depression are common comorbid disorders whose underlying shared neural network has yet to be determined. While animal studies demonstrate a role for the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) in both seizures and depression, and humans clinical studies demonstrate a therapeutic effect of stimulating this region on treatment-resistant depression, the role for the dBNST in depressed and non-depressed TLE patients is still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this structure is morphologically ...

Abstract

Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an effective treatment modality for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the optimal placement of RNS leads is not known. We use an orthogonal approach to lead placement instead of the more common longitudinal approach to target the entorhinal cortex (EC), given its potential for modulating activity entering and leaving the hippocampus. An orthogonal approach allows for coverage of the EC as well as the anterior lateral temporal cortex, which may be particularly beneficial for patients ...

Abstract

Objective

Epileptic spasms (ES) are common in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, the underlying network alterations and relationship with epileptogenic tubers are poorly understood. We examined interictal functional connectivity (FC) using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in patients with TSC to investigate the relationship between tubers, epileptogenicity, and ES.

Methods

We analyzed 18 patients with TSC who underwent SEEG (mean age = 11.5 years). The dominant tuber (DT) was defined as the most epileptogenic tuber using the epileptogenicity index. Epileptogenic zone (EZ) organization was quantitatively separated into focal (isolated ...

Abstract

Objective

To validate the accuracy of the Epidemiology-based Mortality Score in Status Epilepticus (EMSE) in predicting the risk of death at 30 days in a large cohort of patients with status epilepticus (SE) using a machine-learning system.

Methods

We included consecutive patients with SE admitted from 2013 to 2021 at Modena Academic Hospital. A decision tree analysis was performed using the 30-day mortality as a dependent variable and the EMSE predictors as input variables. We evaluated the accuracy of EMSE in predicting 30-day mortality ...

Abstract

Objective

The theory of transient cognitive impairment in epilepsy posits that lapses in attention result from ephemeral disruption of attentional circuitry by interictal events. Eye movements are intimately associated with human attention and can be monitored in real time using eye-tracking technologies. Here, we sought to characterize the associations between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), gaze, and attentional behavior in children with epilepsy.

Methods

Eleven consecutive children undergoing invasive monitoring with stereotactic electrodes for localization-related epilepsy performed an attentional set-shifting task while tandem intracranial ...

Abstract

Objective

In adult brain tissue oxygen levels typically remain in the normoxic zone but status epilepticus results in hyperoxia whereas brief self-terminating seizures lead to postictal hypoxia. The dynamic changes in oxygen levels and the underlying mechanisms are unknown in juveniles with febrile seizures.

Methods

Eight-day old female and male rat pups were implanted with an electrode and oxygen sensing optode in the hippocampus and then received once daily injections of lipopolysaccharide for 4 days to induce an immune response. Local partial pressure of ...