Seizure

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders estimated to affect around 70 million people worldwide [1]. Anti-seizure medications (ASM) form the mainstay of treatment and help in achieving good seizure control in 70 % of patients with epilepsy (PWE). Medication non-adherence magnifies the morbidity and causes a threefold increase in mortality [2,3]. Medication adherence is defined as “the extent to which a person’s behaviour including taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations ...

The authors would like to inform you that the names of the last two authors were inverted in error in their published article. The authors’ names are given in the correct order above.

The authors note that the version of figure 2 that was published in their article is of poor quality and provide a higher quality version of the figure below.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are experiences of paroxysmal episodes with varying combinations of motor, sensory, emotional signs and impairment of consciousness [1]. This semiology looks very close to an epileptic seizure [2]. The PNES diagnosis is confirmed by the absence of an ictal cerebral electrical activity on video-EEG, which is the gold-standard examination [1]. This is a chronic disorder relatively unfamiliar to the medical community [3]. Psychological origin is suspected and PNES are classified into conversive disorders as convulsions in ...

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is a treatable, polysymptomatic and immune-mediated type of encephalitis. It commonly presents in young women with behavioral changes, hallucinations, complex movement disorders (MDs), impaired consciousness, seizures, and autonomic dysfunction. It runs a multi-staged course and benefits from early immunomodulatory treatment [1]. We present a case of anti-NMDARE with peculiar gyratory events and a lengthy past history of undiagnosed afebrile encephalopathy.

Levetiracetam (LEV) was introduced as an antiseizure medication (ASM) in Germany in the year of 2000 [1,2]. Meanwhile it is well established and recommended as first-line ASM in focal epilepsy in Germany [3]. Its beneficial effect on seizures is proven for a huge variety of epilepsy syndromes [4–7].

The intellectual function of patients with epilepsy has been a subject of interest for centuries [1,2]. It was long thought that all patients with epilepsy have poor cognition and progressively worsening memory. This belief started to change in 1985 with the results of a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study done by Mattson et al. through the Veteran’s Administration [3]. Six hundred twenty-two patients were enrolled, followed over one to six years, and given extensive neuropsychological tests before initiation of antiseizure medications ...

Autoimmune encephalitis (AEs) encompasses a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations pointing to a widespread brain involvement, well beyond the limbic system alone [1]. Besides mental status alterations, cognitive deficits and behavioral/psychiatric disorders, seizures are part of the clinical core of AE [2], and often represent the most alarming and impressive sign at the disease onset, leading the patients to seek medical advice. The subacute onset of seizures, especially in elderly subjects, urges the need to investigate (and eventually rule out) ...

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1–8 newborns per 1000 live births and it is the most common cause of seizures in term neonates. [1] Many studies in asphyxiated neonates before the advent of therapeutic hypothermia [TH] have shown a relationship between clinical and/or electrographic seizures, especially status epilepticus, and abnormal outcome. [2] Due to the overlapping between the ischemic hypoxic damage and the injury resulting from seizures activity, it is still difficult to establish the impact of seizures in ...