Seizure

EEG is an important tool in the management of epilepsy. Interictal and ictal findings can help in epilepsy diagnosis, seizure and syndrome classification, epilepsy monitoring and for identifying surgical candidates [1,2].

The authors regret a mistake in the wording of the fourth of their article’s Highlights. The corrected Highlight is as follows:

Epileptic seizures may induce elevations of serum cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) or T (cTnT) 1–8, B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) 1,9–11, and C reactive protein (CRP) 12–14, which could reflect cardiac injuries, possibly associated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is associated with increased mortality, though its long-term sequelae are not clearly delineated [1,2]. Some evidence suggests that CSE is associated with motor, cognitive, and/or behavioral impairments; however, the etiology, and potentially the type of epilepsy and patients’ age are suggested to be the primary drivers of outcomes following CSE [1,2]. For patients with a history of CSE, limited evidence is available on patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL)[1,2].

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders related to the disruption of tightly regulated processes of cortex formation, due to various genetic, infectious, or vascular etiologies [1]. Clinical presentation and outcome in individuals with MCD are highly variable, including intellectual disability and refractory epilepsy at the most severe end of the spectrum [2,3]. The identification of underlying mechanisms is thus crucial for a more accurate prognosis, familial recurrence risk counselling, and better health management.

The recent study by Vollono and colleagues [1] provides a concise report on a SARS-CoV-2 associated focal status epilepticus case. The authors hypothesize that a neurotropic mechanism may be involved in the development of the clinical presentation, albeit without PCR -proven neuroinvasion.

Current epilepsy treatment is mostly symptomatic and seems not to influence the underlying pathology or progression of the disease [1,2]. One-third of the patients are still resistant to current therapies [2–4]. The presence of inflammation, without known autoimmune or infectious etiology has been reported in epilepsy in the past two decades and has been considered an important mechanism for epileptogenesis [for review see [4–7]]. A ‘neuromodulatory’ role of various inflammatory molecules like cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins in epilepsy models has ...

Brivaracetam (BRV) is a high-affinity synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A ligand with fast brain penetration, rapid onset of action and intravenous (IV) formulation, suggesting a potentially use in emergency setting [1]. The role of BRV in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) presenting with absence status epilepticus (ASE) is currently limited [1,2], and further experiences are required to warrant recommendation in this emergency situation.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, with more than 2% of the worldwide population affected, according to the latest study [1]. Patients with epilepsy need long-term or lifelong aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) [2]. Maculopapular eruption (MPE) is the most common clinical manifestation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) in patients taking aromatic AEDs [3]. MPE is characterized by small pink patches and papules on the skin. Clinically, the overall incidence of various forms of AED-induced cADRs is ...

Status epilepticus (SE) is an emergency condition in which a rapid seizure cessation and circulation/respiration maintenance are crucially important for avoiding death and irreversible cerebral damage [1,2]. Benzodiazepines have been established as first-line treatment for SE [3,4]. Second-line treatments of longer-acting antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are administered later to stop SE definitely and prevent recurrence [5].