Seizure

Seizures commonly occur in a variety of serious neurological illnesses, and lead to additional morbidity and worsened outcomes. Recently, it has become clear that not all seizures in the acute brain injury setting are evident on scalp EEG. To address this, we have developed a protocol for depth electrode placement in the neuro-intensive care unit for patients in whom the clinical suspicion of occult seizures is high. In the current manuscript, we review the literature on depth EEG monitoring for ...

Up to one third of patients with epilepsy develop medication-refractory epilepsy [1]. Surgery is often an effective treatment for these patients. Several studies, including a randomized controlled trial and a decision analysis [2,3], demonstrate the effectiveness of surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy. These patients have up to an 80% chance of post-operative seizure freedom. Similarly high rates of success are seen in lesional extratemporal epilepsy [4].

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with an incidence of approximately 40-70/100,000 per year in adults [1] and 41-187/100,000 per year in children [2], being particularly frequent in rural and underdeveloped areas [1,3–5]. Almost 47% of patients will become seizure-free with the first anti-seizure medication trial and an additional 14% of patients with a second or third medicine [6]. Despite optimal medication management, about 20-30% of patients with epilepsy will continue to have more than one seizure ...

Seizures occur in 9–10% of the population [1]. Seizures are a common reason for Emergency Department (ED) visits, accounting for approximately 1–2% of ED visits in the U.S [2]. There is a growing body of literature highlighting disparities in seizure care related to race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Patients with low SES and seizures are not only more likely to utilize the ED for their seizure care when compared to those with high SES, but are also more likely ...

The diagnosis of acute neurological disorders occurring in patients with a history of alcohol abuse may be challenging. An unusual picture of subacute encephalopathy with seizures (SESA syndrome) in chronic alcoholics was initially characterized by Niedermeyer et al. [1] and Freund and Niedermeyer [2] in 1981. SESA syndrome represents a distinct subtype of localization-related non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in which recurrent complex partial seizures occur in alcoholic adult individuals, with transient neurologic deficits, interictal periodic lateralized discharges (PLDs) on the ...

A seizure is a clinical manifestation characterized by abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain that occurs instantaneously [1]. Seizures are categorized into provoked seizure and unprovoked seizure, according to whether there are one ore more predisposing factors [2]. A provoked seizure is defined as an acute occurrence caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, intracranial surgery, central nervous system (CNS) infections or other acute brain disease. And an unprovoked seizure is of unknown cause.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a generalized genetic epilepsy (GGE) syndrome, clinically characterized by irregular jerks mainly of shoulders and arms after awakening, with peak of onset between 12 and 18 years, and electroencephalographically by bilateral and synchronous 4–6/s spike and wave complexes, often in the form of polyspike and waves [1]. The main seizure type is myoclonia occurring on awakening, i.e., within 2h, present in all cases. Around 90% of JME patients have generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and 30% ...