Clinical characteristics, seizure control, and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with focal and generalized epilepsies.

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder estimated to affect between 0.3% and 0.5% of all pregnancies worldwide [1]. Compared with healthy pregnant women, women with epilepsy (WWE) may have an increased risk of preeclampsia, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), cesarean section (CS), intrauterine growth retardation, a low Apgar score, congenital malformations, and developmental retardation [2–11]. Notably, maternal seizures in pregnancy have been reported to be significantly associated with an increased rate of maternal mortality, preterm risk, a shorter gestational age, fetal growth restriction, a reduced birth weight, and low Apgar scores [1,8,12–16].

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