The first vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) was approved in the United States in 1997 for patients with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). DRE is defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as persistent seizures within a 12-month period during which time an individual with epilepsy is treated with at least two properly chosen, properly dosed and well-tolerated anti-seizure medications (ASM) [1]. VNS therapy was reviewed by the American Academy of Neurology in 1997 [2], 1999 [3], and 2013 [4] and found to be both safe and effective in the treatment of epilepsy.
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