Serum GFAP level: A novel adjunctive diagnostic test in differentiate epileptic seizures from psychogenic attacks

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNESs) are paroxysmal episodes clinically mimicking epileptic seizures (ES), without neurobiological origin and lack of electroencephalographic (EEG) correlations. Approximately 25-30 % of patients referred to tertiary epilepsy centers for drug-resistant epilepsy are diagnosed with PNES [1,2]. Misdiagnosis of PNES as ES could be hazardous due to the potential side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which may aggravate the condition. Moreover, the failure to recognize the psychologic nature of these events could delay appropriate treatment.

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