Early‐life epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: A prospective multicenter study

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to evaluate early-life epilepsy incidence, seizure types, severity, risk factors, and treatments among survivors of acute neonatal seizures.

Methods

Neonates with acute symptomatic seizures born 7/2015-3/2018 were prospectively enrolled at nine Neonatal Seizure Registry sites. One-hour EEG was recorded at age three months. Post-neonatal epilepsy and functional development (Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills – WIDEA-FS) were assessed. Cox regression was used to assess epilepsy-free survival.

Results

Among 282 infants, 37 (13%) had post-neonatal epilepsy by 24-months [median age ...

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Gut metabolite S‐equol ameliorates hyperexcitability in entorhinal cortex neurons following Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus‐induced acute seizures

Abstract

Objective

A growing body of evidence indicates a potential role for the gut–brain axis as a novel therapeutic target in treating seizures. The present study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced seizures, and to evaluate the effect of microbial metabolite S-equol on neuronal physiology as well as TMEV-induced neuronal hyperexcitability ex vivo.

Methods

We infected C57BL/6J mice with TMEV and monitored the development of acute behavioral seizures 0–7 days postinfection (dpi). Fecal samples were collected at 5–7 dpi ...

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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors suppress seizures in a rat model of birth asphyxia

Abstract

Objective

Seizures are common in neonates recovering from birth asphyxia but there is general consensus that current pharmacotherapy is suboptimal and that novel antiseizure drugs are needed. We recently showed in a rat model of birth asphyxia that seizures are triggered by the post-asphyxia recovery of brain pH. Here our aim was to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), which induce systemic acidosis, block the post-asphyxia seizures.

Methods

The CAIs acetazolamide (AZA), benzolamide (BZA), and ethoxzolamide (EZA) were administered intraperitoneally or intravenously to ...

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Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: New data from human, dog, and rodent studies

Abstract

Many studies show that glucose metabolism in epileptic brain areas can be impaired. Energy is crucial to maintain normal brain function, including ion and neurotransmitter balances. Energy deficits can lead to disruption of ion gradients, which can trigger neuronal depolarization and generation of seizures. Thus, perturbed metabolic processing of glucose in epileptogenic brain areas indicates a specific nutritional need for people and animals with epilepsy, as they are likely to benefit from auxiliary brain fuels other than glucose. Ketogenic diets ...

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The UK experience of stereoelectroencephalography in children: An analysis of factors predicting the identification of a seizure‐onset zone and subsequent seizure freedom

Abstract

Objective

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is being used more frequently in the pre-surgical evaluation of children with focal epilepsy. It has been shown to be safe in children, but there are no multicenter studies assessing the rates and factors associated with the identification of a putative seizure-onset zone (SOZ) and subsequent seizure freedom following SEEG-guided epilepsy surgery.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective cohort study of all children undergoing SEEG at six of seven UK Children’s Epilepsy Surgery Service centers from 2014 to 2019. Demographics, noninvasive evaluation, SEEG, ...

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Rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam

Abstract

Objective

Operational delays have the potential to lead to suboptimal time to seizure control during status epilepticus. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an urgent control antiepileptic medication that offers relative lack of adverse effects and ease of monitoring. There are limited data published demonstrating safety and tolerability of undiluted rapid intravenous (IV) push of LEV in doses of 1000 mg or less. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IV push administration of LEV doses up to 4500 mg.

Methods

This is a ...

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Spike and wave discharges and fast ripples during posttraumatic epileptogenesis

Abstract

Objective

The goal of the present study was to determine whether spike and wave discharges (SWDs) and SWDs with superimposed fast ripples (SWDFRs) could be biomarkers of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.

Methods

Fluid percussion injury was conducted on 13–14-week old male Sprague Dawley rats. Immediately after traumatic brain injury (TBI), they were implanted with microelectrodes in the neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum bilaterally. Age-matched sham rats with the same electrode implantation montage acted as controls. Wideband brain electrical activity was recorded intermittently from Day 1 of ...

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