Seizure

Although the incidence of non-epileptic seizures (NES) of approximately 1,5 – 4,9/100 000 per year and the prevalence of 2–33/100 000 do not appear to be particularly high, patients with NES are quite prevalent in epilepsy centers, where 20–50 % of patients are diagnosed with NES [1–4]. Nonetheless, the latency between manifestation and diagnosis of 7.2 years is high [5]. Patients with NES have similar social and occupational impairments as epilepsy patients [6]. Economically, NES are reflected as a burden ...

Sleep-related facio-mandibular myoclonus(SRFMM) is a rare and under-recognized stereotyped parasomnia. SRFMM can present with isolated tongue biting, which can be misdiagnosed as epilepsy and sleep bruxism. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients with SRFMM.

Epilepsy patients may still have seizures after surgery, and there have been few studies on the response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) after surgery failure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response to AEDs after unsuccessful epilepsy surgery.

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is defined as continuous seizure activity of greater than five minutes or multiple seizures in that time period without return to clinical baseline. [1] CSE is one of the most common pediatric neurologic emergencies in the emergency department (ED) [2]. Short-term mortality of CSE ranges from 2.7%-5.2%, and is as high as 5-8% for patients requiring intensive care. Those who survive have a higher risk for developing negative long-term outcomes including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, hippocampal injury, ...

There exists a considerable body of literature on the increased risk of developing epileptic seizures as an adverse effect of antibiotic therapy. β-lactams and fluoroquinolones are most frequently associated with central nervous system toxicity and neurological side effects [1]. Although infrequent, other classes of antibiotics have also been reported to induce neurotoxicity or trigger epileptic seizures. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonism is a common mechanism shared by penicillins, cephalosporins, imipenem, and fluoroquinolones [2,3].

Lamotrigine (LTG), a new generation antiepileptic drug (AED), is approved as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures as well as generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adult and pediatric patients aged ≥ 2 years. In addition, the drug is indicated for conversion from enzyme-inducing AED or valproate to monotherapy in adults with partial seizures and is also used for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder [1]. It is also investigated for its use for the treatment of treatment-resistant depressive disorders ...

Monti and colleagues [1] described a patient who developed psychiatric symptoms followed by refractory status epilepticus caused by anti N-D-Methyl-Aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis. Despite the lack of lung involvement, the patient resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, another case of anti-NMDAr encephalitis with prominent psychiatric symptoms during symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported by Panariello and colleagues [2]. NMDAr encephalitis represents one of the most frequent cause of autoimmune encephalitis and, in a minority of patients, it may be triggered ...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a well-known constellation of epilepsy frequently causing drug-resistant focal seizure. Surgical therapy is regarded as an effective and well-established treatment for intractable TLE [1]. Over the years, anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), including extensive resection of the lateral cortex as well as the amygdala and hippocampal formation, has been the most widely used surgical procedure with a seizure freedom rate of 62% to 83%, which is mainly influenced by the duration of follow-up [2].