Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with seizure in the setting of COVID-19: A review of the literature

Since the onset of the pandemic, there have been innumerable reports of neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, the most common of which are anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, encephalopathy, and headache [19-21]. Seizures have also been described in patients with COVID-19, but studies of patients with COVID-19 who had neurological events found that only 0.5-1.6% of patients had seizures [19,20]. However, given the magnitude of the pandemic and the number of people infected worldwide, this relatively rare neurologic manifestation has been reported a ...

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Animal Models of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and their Neurobehavioral Comorbidities

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a disruption of brain functioning, or other brain pathology, caused by an external force [1]. The TBI is typically accompanied by one or more clinical signs immediately following the injury; including lost or altered consciousness, amnesia, neurologic deficit, intracranial lesion, and seizures [2]. Seizures produced by TBI can be classified as: (1) acute seizures, which occur less than 24 hours after injury; (2) early seizures, which occur less than 1 week after injury; ...

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Seizures Risk Factors in Sickle Cell Disease. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease with an abnormal polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), characterized by changes in red blood cell shape resulting in vascular and systemic complications [1, 2]. It is the most common hemoglobinopathy, and in fact, the most common inherited blood disease in humans [3]. Annually, around 300,000 children are born with SCD, most of them are in Africa and South Asia (India) [4, 5]. In the United States, more than 100,000 people are affected, with ...

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Novel bathing epilepsy in a patient with 2q22.3q23.2 deletion

Reflex seizures occur in response to a variety of stimuli from the common (e.g. light) to the rare (e.g. orgasms). Two forms of reflex epilepsy related to bathing are well described: 1. “hot water epilepsy” (HWE), where seizures are triggered by the act of immersing the head under hot water and 2. “bathing epilepsy” where seizures are provoked by body immersion in lukewarm water (Yalcin et al., 2006). Both have a characteristic semiology and epidemiology and are more common in ...

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Effects of Perceived Stigma, Unemployment and Depression on Suicidal Risk in People with Epilepsy

Epilepsy, a common chronic brain disorder, has become a worldwide public health issue [1]. People with epilepsy (PWE) are known to have a higher risk for suicide compared with the general population. The standard mortality ratio for suicide in PWE is three times higher than in general population [2]. Prior research on PWE pointed out that there are many risk factors for suicide such as unemployment, low income, high seizure frequency, some AEDs, seizure-preceding auras, temporal epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders ...

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UNCOMMON EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW

Since Dr. William West [1] first described the classic components of West syndrome, which he found in his own child in 1841, the long and winding road of epileptic syndromes has been explored and documented by several generations of epileptologists. The exploration of epilepsy started with dedicated specialists from European neurology universities, followed by task forces that produced a sizeable volume of position papers and consensus statements, including the 1989 Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes, which is still in ...

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Risk factors for post-traumatic epilepsy

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been identified as a common cause of acquired epilepsy since antiquity. A set of definitions have been adopted by many researchers in defining post-traumatic seizures (PTSs): (1) Immediate PTSs, which occur less than 24 hrs after injury; (2) Early PTSs, that occur less than one week after injury; and (3) Late PTSs, which occur more than a week after head injury and constitute the diagnosis of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) [1]. Epidemiological studies have shown a ...

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Efficacy of phenobarbital in treating elderly epilepsy patients in rural northeast China: a community-based intervention trial

In the latest study, there were approximately 45.9 million individuals with active epilepsy (at least one breakthrough seizure in the past 5 years) globally and approximately 3.26 million patients with epilepsy (PWE) in China [1]. Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder in the elderly population after stroke and dementia [2] and is comparatively more frequent in this population than in the young population [3]. The number of patients with late-onset epilepsy (LOE; recurrent unprovoked seizures starting at 60 ...

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Cognitive outcome in children with infantile spasms using a standardized treatment protocol. A five-year longitudinal study

Infantile spasms (IS) is the most common severe infantile epilepsy, characterized by clinical spasms and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography (although spasms can also be diagnosed without typical EEG findings). The prognosis for most patients with IS is poor and may include evolution to Lennox Gastaut Syndrome and other drug-resistant epilepsies, severe intellectual disability, and other neurodevelopmental impairments such as autism spectrum disorders [1-3]. Intellectual disability, often in the moderate to severe range, affects up to 70-90% of patients [2, 4, 5].

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